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| SA9603C sames PRELIMINARY SA9603C SINGLE PHASE BIDIRECTIONAL POWER/ENERGY METERING IC WITH SERIAL INTERFACE s FEATURES s Performs bidirectional active and reactive power/energy, frequency and voltage measurement s Meets the IEC 521/1036 Specification requirements for Class 1 AC Watt hour meters s s Adaptable to different current sensor technologies Operates over a wide temperature range Serial interface having a RS232 protocol Precision voltage reference on-chip Tri-state output to allow parallel connection of devices s s Protected against ESD s Total power consumption rating below 25mW s DESCRIPTION The SAMES SA9603C bidirectional single phase power/energy metering integrated circuit has a serial interface with a RS232 protocol, ideal for use with a -Controller. The SA9603C performs the calculation for active and reactive power. The SA9603C is a direct replacement for the SA9103C with additional features for the fast reading of all register values. The integrated values for active and reactive energy as well as the mains frequency and voltage information are accessable through the serial interface as 16 bit values. This universal single phase power/energy metering integrated circuit is ideally suited for energy calculations in applications such as electricity dispensing systems (ED's), residential municipal metering and factory energy metering and control. The SA9603C integrated circuit is available in both 14 and 20 pin dual-in-line plastic 7133 (DIP-14/DIP-20), as well as 20 pin small outline (SOIC-20) package types. PIN CONNECTIONS IIN IIP VR EF T EST VDD OSC2 OSC1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 GND IVP T P12 FM O V SS SIN SOUT DR-01088 Package: DIP-14 1/18 1/16 PDS039-SA9603C-001 REV. A 19-09-97 sames SA9603C PIN CONNECTIONS IIN IIP VREF TP4 TP5 TP6 TEST V DD TP9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 GND IVP TP18 TP17 TP16 FMO V SS SIN SOUT OSC2 10 D R-00829 11 OSC1 Package: DIP-20 SOIC-20 BLOCK DIAGRAM T E ST VDD V SS IIP IIN A C TIV E E N E R GY S IN ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING R E A C TIV E E N E R GY FR E QU E N CY V OLTA GE SERIAL IN TER FACE SO U T FM O VOLTAGE REF. IVP GND OSC TIMING D R - 00830 VR EF O SC 1 O SC 2 2/18 sames SA9603C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Parameter Supply Voltage Current on any pin Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Symbol VDD -VSS IPIN TSTG TO Min -0.3 -150 -40 -10 Max 6.0 +150 +125 +70 Unit V mA C C * Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. sames 3/18 SA9603C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 2.5V, VSS = -2.5V, over the temperature range -10C to +70C #, unless otherwise specified.) Parameter Supply Voltage: Positive Supply Voltage: Negative Supply Current: Positive Supply Current: Negative Symbol Min VDD VSS IDD ISS 2.25 -2.75 5 5 Typ Max 2.75 -2.25 6 6 Unit Condition V V mA mA Current Sensor Inputs (Differential) Input Current Range III -25 +25 A Peak value Voltage Sensor Input (Asymetrical) Input Current Range Pin FMO Output Low Voltage Output High Voltage Pin SIN Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Pull-up Current Pin SOUT Output Low Voltage Output High Voltage Oscillator Pin VREF Ref. Current Ref. Voltage # IIV VOL VOH VIH VIL -II -25 +25 VSS+1 A V V V V A Peak value IOL = 5mA IOH = -2mA VDD-1 VDD-1 50 VSS+1 150 VIN = VSS Tri-state VOL VOH VDD-1 VSS+1 V V Recommended crystal: TV colour burst crystal f = 3.5795 MHz -IR VR 45 1.1 50 55 1.3 A V With R = 24k connected to VSS Referred to VSS Extended Operating Temperature Range available on request. 4/18 sames SA9603C PIN DESCRIPTION 14 Pin 14 5 10 13 1 2 7 6 8 9 3 4 11 20 Pin 20 8 14 19 1 2 11 10 12 13 3 7 15 4 5 6 9 12 16 17 18 Designation GND VDD VSS IVP IIN IIP OSC1 OSC2 SOUT SIN VREF TEST FMO TP4 TP5 TP6 TP9 TP12 TP16 TP17 TP18 Description Ground Positive Supply Voltage Negative Supply Voltage Analog input for mains voltage Inputs for current sensor Connections for crystal or ceramic resonator (OSC1 = Input ; OSC2 = Output) Serial Interface Out Serial Interface In Connection for current setting resistor Test Pin. Must be connected to VSS Mains frequency zero-crossing indication Test Pins (Leave unconnected) FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The SA9603C is a CMOS mixed signal Analog/Digital integrated circuit, which performs power/energy calculations across a power range of 1000:1, to an overall accurancy of better than Class 1. The integrated circuit includes all the required functions for 1-phase power and energy measurement, such as two oversampling A/D converters for the voltage and current sense inputs, power calculation and energy integration. Internal offsets are eliminated through the use of cancellation procedures. The SA9603C integrates the measured active and reactive power consumption into 22 bit integrators, which are accessable via a serial port having a RS232 protocol. Two additional on-chip registers exist: one register contains the mains frequency information; and the other the voltage information. sames 5/18 SA9603C 1. Power Calculation In the Application Circuit (Figure 1), the voltage drop across the shunt will be between 0 and 16mVRMS (0 to 80A through a shunt resistor of 200). This voltage is converted to a current of between 0 and 16ARMS, by means of resistors R1 and R2. The current sense input saturates at an input current of 25A peak. For the voltage sensor input, the mains voltage (230V AC) is divided down through a divider to 14VRMS. The resulting current into the A/D converter input is 14ARMS at nominal voltage, via resistor R4 (1M). In this configuration, with a mains voltage of 230V and a current of 80A, the SA9603C functions at its optimum conditions, having a margin of 3dB for overload available. Analog Input Configuration The input circuitry of the current and voltage sensor inputs are illustrated below. These inputs are protected against electrostatic discharge through clamping diodes. The feedback loops from the outputs of the amplifiers AI and AV generate virtual shorts on the signal inputs. Exact duplications of the input currents are generated for the analog signal processing circuitry. V DD 2. IIP CURRENT S E N S OR IN P U TS VSS VD D AI IIN VS S VD D IV P V O LTA G E S E N S OR IN P U T VSS AV D R -00831 GN D 6/18 sames SA9603C 3. 4. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection The SA9603C integrated circuit's inputs/outputs are protected against ESD . Power Consumption The power consumption rating of the SA9603C integrated circuit is less than 25mW. Serial Interface Reading and resetting of the SA9603C's on-chip integrators, is performed via the serial interface. The settings are: 19 200 Baud 1 Start bit (S) 1 Stop bit (E) No parity bits The serial interface, having a RS232 protocol, has been designed to operate directly with a PC (Personal Computer). The serial interface allows for the following operations: Read Integrator (RD): The SA9603C integrated circuit transmits the integrator status to the controller, after the current measurement cycle has been completed (8 mains periods maximum). The register containing the mains frequency information is read only. Reset Integrator (RES): The SA9603C integrator is reset, without transmitting the integrator status. Read/Reset Integrator (RD/RES): The SA9603C transmits the integrator status and resets the integrator after the current measurement cycle has been completed. In a typical application, the system controller monitors the status of the SA9603C's integrator using the "Read" command. At rated load conditions, the capacity of the 22 bit integrator allows for an integration time of 2 seconds, prior to integrator overflow. If after a "Read" command, the integrator value is sufficently high, a "Read/Reset" command from the controller causes the SA9603C integrated circuit to complete the existing measurement cycle, transmit the most significant bits of the 22 bit integrator via the Serial Output (SOUT) to the controller and restart the integrator. In order to ensure correct measurements, the integrator commands ("Read" and "Read/Reset") are only executed after completion of the internal offset calibration cycle. The cycle length is 8 mains periods. Thus, for power calculations, the time value should be taken from the difference in time from the previously received energy value to the currently received value. By adapting the "Read/Reset" rate to the line current, the accuracy of the measurement can be achieved down to lowest signal levels. sames 7/18 5. SA9603C Dump register values: The content of the individual registers are transmitted sequentially, at the 'Dump' command. Transmission of the first register value will start with the completion of the current measurement cycle (Maximum 8 mains cycles). The sequence of the registers is always as follows: Mains voltage, mains frequency, reactive energy register followed by the active energy register value. By specifying the register in the DUMP command, register values are transmitted starting with the specified register and stopping with the active energy register. Commands for the active energy integrator RD RD RES RES RD/ RES DUMP D R -0 08 32 RD RES DUMP START BIT STOP BIT Commands for the reactive energy integrator RD RD RES RES RD/ RES DUM P DR- 0 08 33 RD RES DUM P STA RT BIT STOP BIT Commands for the frequency register RD RD DUMP START BIT DR-0083 4 DUMP STOP BIT 8/18 sames SA9603C Commands for the voltage integrator RD RD RES RES RD / RES RD RES D UM P S TA RT BIT DR-01362 D UM P S TO P BIT The register access codes which may be written to the SA9603C via the serial communications port, are shown in the table below: REGISTER ACTIVE RE-ACTIVE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE # READ $01 $81 $41 $C1 RESET $02 $82 $C2 READ-RESET $03 $83 $C3 DUMP $05# $84 $44 $C4 Note: The Dump Active ($04) and Read Active ($01) commands have the same effect. Data on SOUT 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 < < < F IR S T D R -0 0 8 3 5 BYTE SECO ND BYTE From the two bytes of data output by the device, the value for the register can be derived as shown: Register value = (First Byte * 256) + Second Byte The register value is represented in two's compliment in order to provide for positive and negative register values. The most significant bit of the 16 bit energy register (active or reactive) may be used as an indication of the direction of the energy flow (0 = positive, 1 = negative). sames 9/18 SA9603C 6. Register Values a. The active and reactive energy measured per count, may be calculated by applying the following formula: Energy per Count Where V I K = = = V*I Watt seconds K Rated Voltage Rated Current 9281 for Active Energy = 9281 * 2 for Reactive Energy b. The mains frequency may be calculated as follows: Crystal frequency Frequency = Register Value * 8 To calculate the measured voltage, the following formula may be used: V*n Vmeasured = 14000 t * Where V t n = = = rated mains voltage time difference between successive reads difference in register values between successive reads c. 7. Software Flow The SA9603C is able to execute code written for the SA9103C without any modifications. (Ensure that only bits of the serial command to the device is set that need to be set.) It is suggested that the DUMP command is used in cases where more than one register is continuously read. The DUMP command initiates a serial transmission of successive register values, starting with the specified register. The Dump command does not reset the register values. New software should be developed in such a way that registers are never resettled and must allow for register overflow. Register overflow is easily taken into account by software running on a controlling microcontroller. The software subtracts the previous register value from the current register value in order to determine the actual change in register value. Note that the mains frequency register value only needs to be scaled, in order to calculate the true mains frequency in Hertz. The SA9603C integrated circuit only transmits the register values after completion of the current measurement cycle (8 mains periods maximum). The delay of 8 mains periods may be calculated from the period value of the frequency returned by the initial read, and updated with each subsequent frequency reading. sames 10/18 SA9603C 8. Calibration For calibration of the SA9603C, the following procedure is recommended: a. Establish the calibration factor for active energy (Ka) at power factor (PF) close to 1. Active (Measured) = register_value (Active) * Ka. b. The factor for reactive (Kr) is typically Ka * PI/2. For higher accuracy of Kr, establish Kr at PF close to 0. Reactive (Measured) = register_value (Reactive) * Kr c. At PF close to 1, establish error for reactive (Er) Er = (Reactive (Measured) - Reactive (True)) / Active (Measured) Reactive (Corrected) = Reactive (Measured) - Er * Active (Measured) Measurement Having determined the scaling factors (Ka & Kr) and error correction constant (Er) the measurement cycle consists of the following steps: Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Read active register Calculate Active (Measured) as per 1 Read reactive register Calculate Reactive (Measured) as per 2 Perform error correction Calculate Reactive (Corrected) as per 3b Active energy 3 3b 2 1 Reactive energy The above five steps must be performed for each measurement cycle. sames 11/18 SA9603C TYPICAL APPLICATIONS In the Application Circuits (Figures 1 and 2), the components required for power metering applications, are shown. In Figure 1, a shunt resistor is used for current sensing. In this application, the circuitry requires a +2.5V, 0V, -2.5V DC supply. In the case of Figure 2, when using a current transformer for current sensing, a +5V, 0V DC supply is sufficient for the circuit. R1, R2 and RSH are the resistors defining the current level into the current sense input. The values should be selected for an input current of 16ARMS into the SA9603C at rated line current. Values for RSH of less than 200 should be avoided. R1 = R2 = (IL/16ARMS) * RSH/2 Where IL = Line current RSH = Shunt resistor/termination resistor R3, R6 and R4 set the current for the voltage sense input. The values should be selected so that the input current into the voltage sense input (virtual ground) is set to 14ARMS. R7 defines all on-chip bias and reference currents. With R7 = 24k, optimum conditions are set. XTAL is a colour burst TV crystal (f = 3.5795MHz) for the oscillator. The oscillator frequency is divided down to 1.7897MHz on-chip to supply the A/D converters and digital circuitry. 12/18 sames L OA D I S OL A T E D P C IN T E R F A C E RS H R6 Figure 1: Application Circuit using a Shunt Resistor for current sensing, having a PC (Personal Computer) Interface. sames R4 1 20 19 18 17 16 IC-1 15 14 13 5 6 12 11 XT AL R1 5 C1 5 1 D1 R9 C9 C1 0 + C1 3 ZD1 + D2 R1 0 C1 4 ZD2 C1 2 2 3 IC-3 6 5 4 R1 4 RT S R1 3 DT R DS R RX D IC-2 4 3 2 1 R1 2 S E R IA L INT E RF ACE D3 GN D TXD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R7 10 C1 1 R5 SUPPL Y SA9603C 13/18 D R -0 0 8 3 6 SA9603C Part List for Application Circuit: Figure 1 Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Symbol IC-1 IC-2 IC-3 D1 D2 D3 ZD1 ZD2 XTAL R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 RSH Description SA9603C Opto Coupler 4N35 Opto Coupler 4N35 Diode, Silicon, 1N4148 Diode, Silicon, 1N4148 Diode, Silicon, 1N4148 Diode, Zener, 2.4V, 200mW Diode, Zener, 2.4V, 200mW Crystal, 3.5795MHz Resistor, 1% metal Resistor, 1% metal Resistor, 390k, (230VAC), 1% metal Resistor, 1M, 1/4W, 1% metal Resitor, 470, 2W, 5%, carbon Resistor, 24k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 24k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 680, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 680, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 100k, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 120, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 1/4W, 5%, 47k Resistor, 1/4W, 5%, 1.6k Resistor, 120, 1/4W, 5% Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor, 0.47F, 250VAC, polyester Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor, 100F Capacitor, 100F Capacitor, 820nF Shunt Resistor Detail DIP-20/SOIC-20 DIP-6 DIP-6 Colour burst TV Note 1 Note 1 Note 2 Note 1: Resistor (R1 and R2) values are dependant upon the selected value of RSH. Note 2: See TYPICAL APPLICATIONS when selecting the value for RSH. 14/18 sames L OA D R3 C1 1 R6 CT RSH Figure 2: Application Circuit using a Current Transformer for current sensing. sames R2 1 2 3 4 17 16 I C -1 15 14 13 12 11 XTAL FM 0 S IN S E RIA L INT E RF A CE S OU T 5 6 7 8 9 R7 10 18 20 19 R1 R4 C9 5V R8 C1 0 0V R9 D R -0 0 8 3 7 SA9603C L N SUPPL Y 15/18 SA9603C Parts List for Application Circuit: Figure 2 Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Symbol IC-1 XTAL RSH R1 R2 R3 R4 R6 R7 R8 R9 C9 C10 C11 CT Description SA9603C Crystal, 3.5795MHz Resistor Resistor, 1%, metal Resistor, 1%, metal Resistor, 390k, (230VAC) 1%, metal Resistor, 1M, 1/4W, metal Resistor, 24k, 1/4W, metal Resistor, 24k, 1/4W, metal Resistor, 2.2k, 1/4W, 5% Resistor, 2.2k, 1/4W, 5% Capacitor, 820nF Capacitor, 100nF Capacitor Current Transformer Detail DIP-20/SOIC-20 Colour burst TV Note 1 Note 2 Note 2 Note 3 Note 4 Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: See TYPICAL APPLICATIONS when selecting the value of RSH. Resistor (R1and R2) values are dependant upon the selected value of RSH. Capacitor (C9) to be positioned as close to IC-1, as possible. Capacitor (C11) selected for DC blocking and to minimize phase error introduced by the current transformer. Package DIP-14 DIP-20 SOIC-20 Part Number SA9603CPA SA9603CPA SA9603CSA Note: When ordering, the package option must be specified along with the part number. 16/18 sames SA9603C Note: sames 17/18 SA9603C Disclaimer: The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African MicroElectronic Systems (Pty) Ltd ("SAMES") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of SAMES. The information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. SAMES does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification,even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer. Any Sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below: energy@sames.co.za For the latest updates on datasheets, please visit out web site: http://www.sames.co.za South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd P O Box 15888, 33 Eland Street, Lynn East, Koedoespoort Industrial Area, 0039 Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, Republic of South Africa Tel: Fax: 18/18 012 333-6021 012 333-8071 Tel: Fax: Int +27 12 333-6021 Int +27 12 333-8071 sames |
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